Starting Point for HTS Modeling

Here below are some review publications related to analytical and numerical models of superconductors. Some of them are a concrete results of the collaborative effort of this work group.

This page is updated periodically. Please help us to find your paper just adding “HTS Modelling” to keywords of your manuscript. Do not hesitate to suggest additional references that might have been forgotten below directly to the Webmaster.

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LIST OF BOOKS 

  1. Numerical Modelling of Bulk Superconductor Magnetisation – Mark Ainslie and Hiroyuki Fujishiro: This book provides readers with numerical analysis techniques to model the magnetisation of bulk superconductors based on the finite element method. Applications of magnetised bulk superconductors are wide ranging in engineering due to their greatly enhanced magnetic field compared to conventional magnets. Their uses include rotating electric machines, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) systems and magnetic separation. Numerical modelling is a particularly important and cost-effective method to guide both superconducting material processing and practical device design. It has been used successfully to interpret experimental results and the physical behaviour and properties of bulk superconductors during their various magnetisation processes, to predict and propose new magnetisation techniques and to design and predict the performance of bulk superconductor-based devices.
  2. Numerical Modeling of Superconducting Applications – edited by Bertrand Dutoit: This book aims to present an introduction to numerical modeling of different aspects of large-scale superconducting applications: electromagnetics, thermal, mechanics and thermo-hydraulics. The importance of computational modeling to advance current superconductor research cannot be overlooked, especially given the enormous benefits provided by superconductors in many human endeavours, including energy generation, medical treatments, and future electrical technologies.

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LIST OF PAPERS

  • [DOI] M. D. Ainslie and H. Fujishiro, “Modelling of bulk superconductor magnetization,” Superconductor Science and Technology, vol. 28, iss. 5, p. 053002, 2015.
    [Bibtex]
    @article{Ainslie_2015,
      doi = {10.1088/0953-2048/28/5/053002},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.1088%2F0953-2048%2F28%2F5%2F053002},
      year = 2015,
      month = {mar},
      publisher = {{IOP} Publishing},
      volume = {28},
      number = {5},
      pages = {053002},
      author = {M D Ainslie and H Fujishiro},
      title = {Modelling of bulk superconductor magnetization},
      journal = {Superconductor Science and Technology},
      abstract = {This paper presents a topical review of the current state of the art in modelling the magnetization of bulk superconductors, including both (RE)BCO (where RE = rare earth or Y) and MgB2 materials. Such modelling is a powerful tool to understand the physical mechanisms of their magnetization, to assist in interpretation of experimental results, and to predict the performance of practical bulk superconductor-based devices, which is particularly important as many superconducting applications head towards the commercialization stage of their development in the coming years. In addition to the analytical and numerical techniques currently used by researchers for modelling such materials, the commonly used practical techniques to magnetize bulk superconductors are summarized with a particular focus on pulsed field magnetization (PFM), which is promising as a compact, mobile and relatively inexpensive magnetizing technique. A number of numerical models developed to analyse the issues related to PFM and optimise the technique are described in detail, including understanding the dynamics of the magnetic flux penetration and the influence of material inhomogeneities, thermal properties, pulse duration, magnitude and shape, and the shape of the magnetization coil(s). The effect of externally applied magnetic fields in different configurations on the attenuation of the trapped field is also discussed. A number of novel and hybrid bulk superconductor structures are described, including improved thermal conductivity structures and ferromagnet–superconductor structures, which have been designed to overcome some of the issues related to bulk superconductors and their magnetization and enhance the intrinsic properties of bulk superconductors acting as trapped field magnets. Finally, the use of hollow bulk cylinders/tubes for shielding is analysed.}
    }
  • [DOI] F. Grilli, E. Pardo, A. Stenvall, D. N. Nguyen, W. Yuan, and F. Gömöry, “Computation of Losses in HTS Under the Action of Varying Magnetic Fields and Currents,” IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol. 24, iss. 1, pp. 78-110, 2014.
    [Bibtex]
    @ARTICLE{Grilli2014,
    author={F. {Grilli} and E. {Pardo} and A. {Stenvall} and D. N. {Nguyen} and W. {Yuan} and F. {Gömöry}},
    journal={IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity},
    title={Computation of Losses in HTS Under the Action of Varying Magnetic Fields and Currents},
    year={2014},
    volume={24},
    number={1},
    pages={78-110},
    keywords={dielectric losses;eddy current losses;high-temperature superconductors;superconducting tapes;ferromagnetic materials losses;coupling losses;eddy current losses;hysteresis losses;ac loss;high temperature superconductor devices;high temperature superconductor wires;high temperature superconductor tapes;varying currents;varying magnetic fields;HTS losses;Superconducting magnets;Current density;Magnetic hysteresis;Computational modeling;Electromagnetics;High-temperature superconductors;Alternate current (ac) losses;coupling losses;eddy-current losses;hysteresis losses;magnetic materials;numerical modeling},
    doi={10.1109/TASC.2013.2259827},
    ISSN={},
    month={Feb},
    url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2013.2259827}}
  • [DOI] F. Grilli, “Numerical Modeling of HTS Applications,” IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol. 26, iss. 3, pp. 1-8.
    [Bibtex]
    @ARTICLE{Grilli2016,
    author={F. {Grilli}},
    journal={IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity},
    title={Numerical Modeling of HTS Applications},
    url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2016.2520083 }
    year={2016},
    volume={26},
    number={3},
    pages={1-8},
    keywords={current distribution;high-temperature superconductors;numerical analysis;superconducting cables;superconducting machines;superconducting magnets;numerical modeling;HTS applications;high-temperature superconductor applications;electromagnetic behavior;thermal behavior;current distribution;material properties;operating conditions;electrical machines;High-temperature superconductors;Numerical models;Superconducting magnets;Coils;Computational modeling;Current density;Superconducting cables;Numerical modeling;HTS applications;numerical methods;AC losses;AC losses;HTS applications;numerical methods;numerical modeling},
    doi={10.1109/TASC.2016.2520083},
    ISSN={},
    month={April},}
  • [DOI] F. Huber, W. Song, M. Zhang, and F. Grilli, “The T-A formulation: an efficient approach to model the macroscopic electromagnetic behaviour of HTS coated conductor applications,” Superconductor Science and Technology, vol. 35, iss. 4, p. 043003, 2022.
    [Bibtex]
    @article{Huber_2022,
      doi = {10.1088/1361-6668/ac5163},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/ac5163},
      year = 2022,
      month = {mar},
      publisher = {{IOP} Publishing},
      volume = {35},
      number = {4},
      pages = {043003},
      author = {Felix Huber and Wenjuan Song and Min Zhang and Francesco Grilli},
      title = {The T-A formulation: an efficient approach to model the macroscopic electromagnetic behaviour of {HTS} coated conductor applications},
      journal = {Superconductor Science and Technology},
      abstract = {In recent years, the T-A formulation has emerged as an efficient approach for modelling the electromagnetic behaviour of high-temperature superconductor (HTS) tapes in the form of coated conductors (CCs). HTS CCs are characterized by an extremely large width-to-thickness ratio of the superconducting layer, normally up to 1000 ∼ 6000, which in general leads to a very large number of degrees of freedom. The T-A formulation considers the superconducting layer to be infinitely thin. The magnetic vector potential A is used to calculate the magnetic field distribution in all simulated domains. The current vector potential T is used to calculate the current density in the superconducting layer, which is a material simulated with a highly nonlinear power-law resistivity. This article presents a review of the T-A formulation. First, the governing equations are described in detail for different cases (2D and 3D, cartesian and cylindrical coordinates). Then, the literature on the implementation of T-A formulation for simulating applications ranging from simple tape assemblies to high field magnets is reviewed. Advantages and disadvantages of this approach are also discussed.}
    }
  • [DOI] G. P. Mikitik, Y. Mawatari, A. T. S. Wan, and F. Sirois, “Analytical Methods and Formulas for Modeling High Temperature Superconductors,” IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol. 23, iss. 2, pp. 8001920-8001920, 2013.
    [Bibtex]
    @ARTICLE{Mikitik2013,
    author={G. P. {Mikitik} and Y. {Mawatari} and A. T. S. {Wan} and F. {Sirois}},
    journal={IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity},
    title={Analytical Methods and Formulas for Modeling High Temperature Superconductors},
    year={2013},
    volume={23},
    number={2},
    pages={8001920-8001920},
    keywords={critical current density (superconductivity);electrodynamics;flux pinning;high-temperature superconductors;high temperature superconductors;electrodynamic equations;type-II superconductors;3D critical-state problems;thin planar superconductors;superconducting strip;critical current density;anisotropic flux-line pinning;magnetic-field;ferromagnetic substrates;transport current;superconducting power transmission cables;power-law voltage-current properties;High-temperature superconductors;Superconducting magnets;Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy;Strips;Critical current density (superconductivity);Critical current;critical state;electrodynamics of type-II superconductors;high-temperature superconductors;superconducting films;superconducting tapes},
    doi={10.1109/TASC.2013.2245504},
    ISSN={},
    month={April},
    url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2013.2245504}}
  • [DOI] C. Navau, N. Del-Valle, and A. Sanchez, “Macroscopic Modeling of Magnetization and Levitation of Hard Type-II Superconductors: The Critical-State Model,” IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol. 23, iss. 1, pp. 8201023-8201023, 2013.
    [Bibtex]
    @ARTICLE{Navau2013,
    author={C. {Navau} and N. {Del-Valle} and A. {Sanchez}},
    journal={IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity},
    title={Macroscopic Modeling of Magnetization and Levitation of Hard Type-II Superconductors: The Critical-State Model},
    year={2013},
    volume={23},
    number={1},
    pages={8201023-8201023},
    keywords={magnetic levitation;magnetisation;numerical analysis;type II superconductors;macroscopic modeling;hard type-II superconductors;critical-state model;magnetic response;CSM;magnetization loops;numerical solutions;superconducting levitation force;hard type-II SC macroscopic behavior;Magnetization;Superconducting magnets;Magnetic levitation;Saturation magnetization;Current density;Slabs;Critical-state model (CSM);levitation;magnetization;superconducting modeling;type-II superconductors (SCs)},
    doi={10.1109/TASC.2012.2232916},
    ISSN={},
    month={Feb},
    url = {http://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2012.2232916}}
  • B. Shen, F. Grilli, and T. Coombs, “Review of the AC loss computation for HTS using H formulation,” Superconductor Science and Technology, vol. 33, iss. 3, p. 033002, 2020.
    [Bibtex]
    @article{Shen:SST20,
                Author = {B. Shen and F. Grilli and T. Coombs},
                Journal = {Superconductor Science and Technology},
                Number = {3},
                Pages = {033002},
                Title = {{Review of the {AC} loss computation for {HTS} using H formulation}},
                Volume = {33},
                Year = {2020}
    }
  • [DOI] F. Sirois and F. Grilli, “Potential and limits of numerical modelling for supporting the development of HTS devices,” Superconductor Science and Technology, vol. 28, iss. 4, p. 043002, 2015.
    [Bibtex]
    @article{Sirois2015,
      doi = {10.1088/0953-2048/28/4/043002},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.1088%2F0953-2048%2F28%2F4%2F043002},
      year = 2015,
      month = {mar},
      publisher = {{IOP} Publishing},
      volume = {28},
      number = {4},
      pages = {043002},
      author = {Fr{\'{e}}d{\'{e}}ric Sirois and Francesco Grilli},
      title = {Potential and limits of numerical modelling for supporting the development of {HTS} devices},
      journal = {Superconductor Science and Technology},
      abstract = {In this paper, we present a general review of the status of numerical modelling applied to the design of high temperature superconductor devices. The importance of this tool is emphasized at the beginning of the paper, followed by formal definitions of the notions of models, numerical methods and numerical models. The state-of-the-art models are listed, and the main limitations of existing numerical models are reported. Those limitations are shown to concern two aspects: on the one hand, the numerical performance (i.e. speed) of the methods themselves is not good enough yet; on the other hand, the availability of model file templates, material data and benchmark problems is clearly insufficient. Paths for improving those elements are indicated in the paper. Besides the technical aspects of the research to be further pursued, for instance in adaptive numerical methods, most recommendations command for an increased collective effort for sharing files, data, codes and their documentation.}
    }
  • [DOI] W. T. B. de Sousa, A. Polasek, R. Dias, C. F. T. Matt, and A. R. de Jr., “Thermal-Electrical Analogy for Simulations of Superconducting Fault Current Limiters,” Cryogenics, vol. 62, pp. 97-109, 2014.
    [Bibtex]
    @article{Wtiago009,
      author       = {W. T. B. de Sousa and A. Polasek and R. Dias and C. F. T. Matt and R. de {Andrade Jr.}},
      doi             = {10.1016/j.cryogenics.2014.04.015},
      url             = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2014.04.015},
      title       = {{Thermal-Electrical Analogy for Simulations of Superconducting Fault Current Limiters}},
      journal     = {Cryogenics},
      year       = {2014},
      volume       = {62},
      pages       = {97--109},
      month       = jul
    }
  • [DOI] W. T. B. de Sousa and M. Noe, “The ADI Method for Simulations of SFCL,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., vol. 25, iss. 2, p. 5600309, 2015.
    [Bibtex]
    @article{Wtiago011,
      author       = {W. T. B. de Sousa and Mathias Noe},
      doi             = {10.1109/TASC.2014.2368121},
      url             = {https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2014.2368121},
      title       = {{The ADI Method for Simulations of SFCL}},
      journal     = {IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.},
      year       = {2015},
      volume       = {25},
      pages       = {5600309},
      number       = {2},
      month       = apr
    }

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ONLINE APPS

AURORA: Learning superconductivity through apps

The growing interest in modelling superconductors has led to the development of increasingly effective numerical methods and software. Alongside this interest, the question of how to teach and explain the operation of superconductors to students has arisen. EPFL and KIT have created a series of web applications based on COMSOL Multiphysics that are accessible through an open-access web server called AURORA (https://aurora.epfl.ch/app-lib).

In Roman mythology, Aurora was a goddess who flew across the sky at dawn, opening the path to the Sun and a new day. Similarly, the server AURORA aims at opening the path to a new generation of brilliant students and ‘initiate’ them by leArning sUpeRcOnductivity thRough Apps. This project allows users to dynamically change the parameters of the apps and observe their influence on the results, creating a vivid learning experience. The project is particularly directed to students.

If, as Richard Feynman used to say “the questions of the students are often the source of new research“, why not stimulate students to ask questions on superconductivity? Feel free to test the apps at this link, and contact the authors if you want to contribute!


Events Calendar

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Events

  • 7th International Workshop on Numerical Modelling of HTS.